Repercussão da segurança alimentar e nutricional sobre o consumo de frutas e hortaliças / Repercussion of food and nutrition security on fruit and vegetable intake

Mudanças alimentares vivenciadas no Brasil, nas últimas décadas, contribuíram para a construção e o fortalecimento da política de segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN). Entretanto, ainda se faz necessário conhecer, em diferentes grupos populacionais, questões relativas à segurança alimentar no contexto familiar e individual e a sua influência sobre o consumo de alimentos, como de frutas e hortaliças (FH). Objetivo: Verificar a influência da insegurança alimentar sobre o consumo de FH. Métodos: Estudo transversal com usuários com 20 anos ou mais do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se questionário pré-testado, incluindo dados socioeconômicos, de saúde, consumo alimentar e Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Realizou-se regressão linear múltipla para verificar a influência da insegurança alimentar sobre o consumo de FH. Resultados: Foram avaliados 2.817 domicílios, representados pelos usuários do PAS, sendo a maioria mulheres (90,6%), adultos (56,9±11,2 anos) e com mediana de 7,0 (4,0-11,0) anos de estudo. Dos entrevistados, 61,9% relataram estarem casado/união consensual e terem o homem como chefe de família (59,6%). A mediana de escolaridade do chefe de família foi de 8,0 (4,0-11) anos de estudo e da renda per capita de R$ 678,00 (423,75-1.000,00), sendo que a maioria dos usuários não recebiam benefícios do governo (95,0%). Quanto à ocupação, 36,9% eram aposentados e/ou pensionista e 29,9% do lar. Na maior parte dos domicílios estava presente 1 a 3 moradores (60,6%), 67,8% não possuíam residentes menores de 18 anos e 55,5% apresentavam de 1 a 3 moradores idosos (> 60 anos). Em relação à saúde, 63,7% apresentavam excesso de peso, 16,7% diabetes, 53,2% hipertensão arterial e 44,3% dislipidemias. Os participantes apresentavam média de consumo diário de FH de 375,9±183,7 gramas, sendo que mais de 70,0% relataram adquirir estes alimentos em sacolões privados, seguido de sacolões municipais...

The dietary changes that occurred in Brazil in the last decades helped to build and strengthen the food and nutrition security policy. Yet, more knowledge is required about food security-related issues of individuals and households of different population groups and their repercussion on specific food intake, such fruits and vegetables (FV). Objective: To verify the effect of food insecurity on FV intake. Methods: This cross-sectional study included individuals aged 20 years or more enrolled in the Program Academia da Saúde (PAS, Health Gym Program) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A pretested questionnaire and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) collected socioeconomic, health, and food intake data. The multiple linear regression analysis verified the repercussion of food insecurity on FV intake. Results: A total of 2,817 households of PAS users were assessed. The users had a mean age of 56.9±11.2 years, a median formal education of 7.0 years (4.0-11.0), and most were females (90.6%). Most participants (61.9%) were married or had a partner, and 59.6% of the households were headed by a male. The median education level of the household head was 8.0 years (4.0-11), and the median per capita income was R$ 678.00 (423.75-1,000.00). Most users were not enrolled in welfare programs (95.0%). Some (36.9%) participants were retirees or pensioners, and 29.9% were homemakers. Most households had 1 to 3 dwellers (60.6%), 67.8% did not have dwellers aged less than 18 years, and 55.5% had from one to three individuals aged 60 years or more. The prevalence of excess weight, diabetes, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia were 63.7%, 16.7%, 53.2%, and 44.3%, respectively. The mean daily FV intake was 374.9 ± 183.7 grams, and more than 70.0% of the sample reported acquiring these items in privately...

Efetividade de intervenções nutricionais e físicas em mulheres de serviço de promoção da saúde / Effectiveness of nutritional and physical interventions among women at a health promotion service

Introdução: Ações de promoção à saúde são descritas como fundamentais à melhoria da saúde da população, com destaque para as intervenções voltadas para os modos saudáveis de vida, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade de intervenções físicas e nutricionais sobre o perfil alimentar e antropométrico de usuárias de Serviço de Promoção da Saúde de BeloHorizonte, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Ensaio comunitário controlado não aleatorizado, contemplando usuárias ≥ 20 anos do Serviço de Promoção da Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte denominado “Academia da Cidade”. O grupo controle (GIFI) constou de mulheres que praticavam regularmente exercício físico e o grupo intervenção (GIFIN), daquelas que participaram da prática de exercício físico e de intervenção nutricional, sendo este estratificado em: intervenção individual (GIFINI), intervenção coletiva (GIFINC), intervenção individual e coletiva (GIFINIC). A intervenção nutricional constou de grupos de educação alimentar e nutricional e/ou aconselhamento individual. Avaliou-se a evolução por anamnese nutricional, aplicadano ingresso do usuário no serviço e após cerca de 11 meses de participação nas intervenções. O instrumento constou de questões sociodemográficas, hábitos alimentares, Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e Recordatório 24 horas. Realizou-se análise descritiva e os testes estatísticos: t de Student simples, Quiquadrado, Exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney para comparações intergrupos, e McNemar, t de Student pareado, Wilcoxon e Kappa para as intragrupos (p < 0,05). Resultados: Avaliou-se 124 mulheres, sendo 61 do GIFI e 63 do GIFIN, comcaracterísticas sociodemográficas e hábitos alimentares similares. Apurou-se que as participantes do GIFIN possuíam maiores médias de índice de massa corporal - IMC (27,8 ± 4,5 vs. 30,2 ± 6,2; p = 0,04); e as do GIFINI (p = 0,02); e as do GIFINIC, maiores médias de peso (p = 0,002), IMC (p < 0,001) e circunferência...

Introduction: Health promotion actions have been described as fundamental for improving the population’s health, with emphasis interventions aiming towards healthy lifestyle practices, within the Brazilian National Healthcare System (SUS). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions physical and nutritional on the dietaryand anthropometric profile of women using a Health Promotion Service of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Methods: This was an non-randomized controlled community trial among users ≥ 20 years of age at a SUS health promotion service the Municipal Health Department of Belo Horizonte so-called “City Gyms”. The control group (GIFI) was composed of women who practiced regular physical exercise and the intervention group (GIFIN), women who practiced physical exercise and participated in a nutritional intervention. The latter was stratified according to the intervention type: only individual (GIFINI), only collective (GIFINC) or both individual and collective (GIFINIC). The nutritional intervention consisted of dietary and nutritional education groups and/or individual counseling. The service users’ evolution was assessed through nutritional anamnesis applied on entry and after around 11 months of participation in the interventions. The instrument comprised sociodemographic and dietary habit questions, and included a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour recall. Descriptive analysis was performed, and followingtests were used: simple Student t, chi-square, Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney, for intergroups and McNemar, paired Student t, Wilcoxon and Kappa for intragroups (p < 0.05). Results: Assessments were made on 124 women (61 in GIFI and 63 in GIFIN) with similar sociodemographic and dietary habit characteristics. However, theparticipants in GIFIN had higher mean body mass index - BMI (27.8 ± 4.5 vs. 30.2 ± 6.2; p = 0.04), those in GIFINI (p = 0.02) and those in GIFINC, higher mean weight (p = 0.002), BMI (p < 0.001)...

A Comparative Study on Dietary Habits and Dietary Attitudes among Middle School Students with Different Obesity Indexes / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The object of this study was done to assert the dietary habits, food intake, and dietary attitudes of 332 middle school students in a small city. The subject were divided into doe groups based on weight length index (WLI). Anthropometric data showed that the mean height and weight were 169.5 +/-8.2 cm and 55.1 +/-11.5 kg in the male students and 158.9 +/-5.9 cm and 48.1 +/-7.6 kg in the female students. The mean WLIs for male and female students were 103.0 +/-19.7 and 96.3 +/-12.8, respectively. Of the male students 27.9% and of the female students 32.1% were underweight, and of the male students 28.9% and of the female students 13.0% were overweight based on WLI index. Lack of good dietary habits in the overweight group tended to be the highest, the normal group was the second highest, and the underweight group was the lowest. The regularity of eating breakfast and flood prejudice scores in the overweight group were significantly higher than those in the normal and underweight group. With respect to flood intake, the normal group tended to consume grains, yellow or green vegetables, vegetables with light color, fruits, milk, yogurt, cheese\`, seaweeds, fat-floods, instant floods, sweet floods, carbonated drinks, and spicy and salty floods more frequently. The underweight group tended to consume meat-ham, eggs, fish and fried, stir-fried flood more frequently In dietary attitudes, the overweight group tended to have more favorable dietary attitudes, and the normal group tended to have negative dietary attitudes. The underweight group showed more negative responses to trying to eat/drink milk, yogurt, or cheese everyday than the overweight groups. It might be suggested that more effective nutritional programs should be developed and implemented to ensure good dietary habits in middle school students, including the overweight, as well as the underweight group. Further research on the comparison of dietary characteristics is needed, with consideration of the subjects' WLI.